Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC), Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Cornice

In the Middle East and Gulf countries, Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC), Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete (GFRC) and Cornice panels are frequently used to give protection against weather and can survive extreme temperatures and climatic change. As high rise buildings are being built on water and gulf countries are populating the Arabian Sea. As a result, airborne moisture can damage and remove paint by penetrating the surface. As a result, the...

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How to Conduct Internal Audit as per ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management System?

Introduction: Audit is a procedure or series of procedures used to assess an organization's management system, correct problems, and allow the system to continue operating in accordance with ISO standards. Numerous organizations have established the standards and have their own internal management systems that refer to or follow the ISO.There are three types of Audits;1. Internal Audits2. External/Outside Audits3. Independent/3rd Party Audits1. Internal Auditing:Internal audits, also known as first party audits, are carried out by lead auditors...

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Internal Audit in Civil Construction Project in Pakistan

 Civil construction projects in Pakistan require significant investments and involve complex processes. These projects require a considerable amount of planning, execution, and monitoring to ensure that they are completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards. Internal audit plays a critical role in ensuring the successful completion of civil construction projects in Pakistan. In this blog post, we will discuss the importance of internal audit in civil construction projects in Pakistan and how it can help improve project...

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Drawing Instruments

 Case of drawing instruments   Drawing surface (boardor table)   Drafting edge(T-square, parallel edge)   Triangles (30°, 45° )  Scales (inch)  Drawing Pencils (H,2H,3H)   Drafting Tape  Eraser  Dry cleaning pad   Erasing Shield Drawing Sheet (regular, scholar) Introduction What is Engineering Drawing ? A fully developed language in its own right: A  graphical language...

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Dimensioning

General Principles A drawing should provide a complete set of sizes for making a component. Dimensions provide information on a drawing such as - Angles Diameters Lengths Positions Dimensioning Standards A - The drawing outline should be drawn with 0.7mm thickness. B - Dimension and projection/extension lines are thin continuous lines 0.35mm thick. C - All dimension lines are clearly placed outside the outline of the drawing. D -...

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Architectural Design of Hosue

Considerations for Architectural Design of a House The arrangement of various rooms in a building plan for easy and comfortable living of the occupants is called architectural design of  the building. Every effort is made to utilize full natural resources such as wind, sun etc.  Maximum facilities are to be provided within the funds and the space available. However it is almost impossible to provide all the comforts and facilities...

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How to Determine the Water absorption of the Brick (ASTM C-67-80)

Objective:   There are following objects for determining the water absorption of the brick. (1) To finding the capacity of water moisture that a brick can store. (2) Finding the standard water moisture of the brick. Good brick store water moisture not more than 15% of their weight. Apparatus:  Following apparatus are used to determination of water absorption of brick. (1) One weighing machine. (2) Small towel. (3)...

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